Nail Fungus - An infectious disease that affects the nail plate. In a severe form of the current, it goes to the skin roll and can spread to other areas. The activation of pathogenic microorganism is possible when visiting public places while wearing tight shoes with weakened immunity, injuries.
Regarding the onset of disease development, a change in the color of the affected area, nail extension, fragility, pain, peeling and an unpleasant odor indicate a change in the color of the affected area. The diagnosis includes bacteric particles of the affected area, histology, cultural examination, blood test. Medicine treatment. In some cases, surgical intervention is required.
Contrary to the opinion that the shoes of a person whose nails are affected by a fungal infection should be thrown away, not so.
It should be treated with a special device, which, when placed inside, emits ultraviolet radiation and kills mushrooms.
It is also allowed to use a 40%diluted vinegar solution in water. The shoes are clean from the inside with the resulting composition and placed in a sealed bag for several hours.
What is nail fungus
Despite the fact that onychomycosis (a fungal nail infection) is not a danger to life is an important problem of public medical assistance due to the high prevalence and therapeutic difficulties associated with high relapse indicators and the progression of chronic lesions. It has certain consequences for patients, such as discomfort and painful reactions.
Dermatophytes are usually responsible for oncomicosis in countries with a temperate climate. Destroying keratin and absorbing its nutrients, they represent hyaline septic forms. The gifs of these mycelial organisms penetrate the petty layer of the skin and nails.
Fungk cells produce keratinolitical proteases that provide a way to move to living cells. Some species are mainly soil saprophytes that have acquired the ability to digest keratinized particles and evolved so that they could parasitize animal keratin tissues.
The term "dermatophytosis" is used to describe the infection by members of microsporum, tricophyte and epidermophite. Types that most often cause onychomycosis - red tricopophyship, mentagrophidating and retail epidermophophytes (epidermophytosis pathogen): the first two are much more often participated as causal factors.
Only a red tricophyte is responsible for over 80% of onychomycosis. Skin, hair, nail infection with incomplete shapes (Wanderer and Scopularopsis) are called "dermatomycosis". Dermatophytes and incidents are identified as the only etiological agents of onicomycosis.
The infection begins with the discoloration and deformation of the nails, which causes pain and complicates the haircut. In patients with complicated factors, it leads to damage to surrounding tissues, can contribute to a secondary bacterial infection.
In addition, recent studies have revealed the psychological, social and professional consequences of the condition, which seem to be underestimated by health specialists in treating this condition.
Doctors observe that nail fungus is a common problem that can affect people of all ages. The main symptoms include a change in nail color, their thickening and fragility. Experts emphasize that an important aspect of treatment is early diagnosis, as advanced cases may require longer and more complicated treatment. It is recommended that doctors use local and systemic antifungal drugs, depending on the degree of damage. In addition, they focus on the need to comply with hygiene standards and preventive measures, such as wearing convenient shoes and using individual leg care. It is also important to remember that the fungus can be transmitted from person to person, so that ordinary bathrooms and showers should be avoided.
How to treat nail fungus?
Statistic
Fungal damage to nails are subject to 5 to 15% of the population. With age, the prevalence of the pathological process increases to about 30% after reaching 65 years. However, it is worth noting that the fungus often occurs in children.
Approximately every 10 years, incidence rates increase 2, 5 times. At the same time, in childhood, it is only 3%, while the adult population reaches up to 60%.
Unlike women, men are more affected by men. In addition, the pathological process 3-7 times more affects the lower limbs than the superiors.
All varieties of parasitic mushrooms are combined in 3 groups.
Scraping the skin fungus
Fungal injury is one of the most common pathologies that belong to skin disease.
In 80% of patients, the disease develops in relation to the background of dermatophyte reproduction.
Explosive parasites are 5 times more likely to be located on the nails. Mold mushrooms are the rarest species.
In people with diabetes mellitus, the incidence rate is 3 times higher. In 90% of people with psoriasis, the probability of infection also increases 2 times.
Reasons
The risk factor is contact with the source of infection. For example, tricophyte Verrucosum, evolving from ancestors living in the soil, infects farmers, agricultural workers, veterinarians. It is transmitted through direct contact or bites, although cases of infection obtained in the laboratory have also been recorded.
Several exclusive factors of modern life have led to the prevalence of onychomycosis. These include:
- Tightshoein high heels;
- Using commonwetfacilities (such as shower and locker rooms);
- Health deteriorationagingpopulation;
- an increase in the number of people with weakeningImmunitydue to diseases (eg, HIV infection);
- Therapeuticagents (immunosuppressants, post -operation therapy, use of broad spectrum antibiotics);
- directwoundnails, including certain teak disorders (bite nails);
- Geneticpredisposition.
Nail fungus treatment with a laser
Nail fungus laser therapy is an effective hardware method that helps to accelerate recovery.
True fungal infections are found on fingertips much more often than on finger nails. This is due to the fact that they are subject to greater friction and sweating. Socks and shoes contribute to a dark and damp fungal environment.
Causes may include low peripheral blood circulation, diabetes, repeated nail injury, disability or reluctance to properly cut the nails on the legs and maintain proper care for them. The risk increases with age and through the underlying nail disease.
Many people face the problem of nail fungus, and the opinions about it are very diverse. Some argue that this is not only an aesthetic problem, but also a serious illness that requires an attentive approach. Many share their treatment experience, talking about various medicines and folk medicines. Some note that the fungus can return even after successful treatment, which causes disappointment and fear of re -infection. Others emphasize the importance of prevention, advising themselves to monitor hygiene and avoid public places with high humidity. In general, a nail fungal discussion is often accompanied by tips and recommendations, which indicates its prevalence and relevance of the problem in society.
Nail fungus. Treatment of the neglected form of nail fungus
Types
The prevalence of nail fungus varies worldwide due to various cultural and socioeconomic factors. That is, it depends on the geographical reion, population, mycological characteristics and diagnostic methods used.
Four types of onychomycosis were identified, characterized by a clinical manifestation and an invasion route.
Distal and lateral submarine onychomycosis
It is observed in most cases and is almost always due to a dermatophytic infection. It acts on hyponichia, usually along the edges on the side sides, spreads proximally along the nail bed, which leads to subhepherdia and collolysis, although the nail plate is not initially affected.
It can be limited on one side and spread beside it, covering the whole nail and constantly progressing until it reaches the rear nail roll.
In the end, the nail plate loose, can be divided, usually due to lesion, although the destruction is probably associated with the invasion with dermatophytes that have keratolytic properties. Skin examination almost always reveals signs of dermatophytosis.
Superficial white onychomycosis
This is a dermatophytic infection caused by the Trichophyton Mentagrofitest. A less common type affects the surface of the nail plate, which acquires a whitish color and visibly exfolia (but onicolisis is not a characteristic of onciomicosis).
It turns out that an erroneous diagnosis can be made when it is taken to "keratin granulations" (reaction to the enamel). To confirm, it is necessary to perform a laboratory test.
Proximal tray onicomicosis
A rare form of dermatophytic infections, usually associated with intercurrent disease. The pathogenic fungus invades the Eponichia nail plate and the nail matrix. Occurs in immunosuppressive patients.
Onychomycosis candidiasis
Another name is the nail infection with a candidate yeast, classified by:
- chronicParonichiawith secondary nail dystrophy;
- chronicCandidiasismucous membrane;
- Distalinfectionnails;
- secondaryCandidiasis.
Nail fungal prevention
Nail and feet fungus is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria.
Distal yeast infection is rare (in patients with Raynaud disease or other form of vascular insufficiency).
Chronic Paronichia occurs in gross conditions. The swelling of the rear fold of the nails is secondary to a chronic wet state. The cuticle, separating from the nail plate, loses waterproof properties. Microorganisms penetrate the subcutaneous space, causing the posterior fold swelling.
Chronic mucous loop candidiasis covers mucous membranes caused by a decrease in cellular immunity. Clinical signs vary depending on the severity of immunosuppression, in severe cases, there is a complete thickening of the nail.
Secondary assumed onychomycosis occurs due to various nail diseases, especially psoriasis.
Total dystrophic onychomycosis is used to describe nail disease at the last stage, although some doctors consider it a separate subtype. It may be the end result of any of the four main models of onchomicosis.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of fungus are nail extension and change in its color in white, black, yellow or green. As the infection advances from the early stage to a neglected form, it becomes fragile, the pieces are broken from it. If you do not treat, the skin under the nail and around it is inflamed, hurt or peeled. There is an unpleasant odor.
Onychomycosis in patients with weakened immunity is a very serious health problem. Not only a severe infection serves as a constant reminder to the patient over their own worse state, but there is a possibility of transferring fungal pathogens to someone else.
Diagnosis
The clinical representation of deformed nails should alert the doctor about the possibility of onomicosis. But since mushrooms are the cause of only half of all lesions, care must be taken to correctly identify the signs and symptoms of other diseases that simulate onicomycosis and differentiate different etiologies.
This includes psoriasis, lichen, bacterial infections, contact dermatitis, traumatic sounds, congenital pachionichia, yellow nail syndrome, idiopathic onycolysis. Repeated nail lesion can lead to distal onncholis - colonization of the damaged area with microorganisms that produce their pigmentation.
The use of appropriate diagnostic methods includes:
- spot,Potassium treated with potassium hydroxide;
- selectionFungi cultures (selected material: curettage or nail fragment);
- histology.
The first step in the sampling process is a complete cleaning of nail area from alcohol pollutants. Since infections invasion and location sites differ in onchomicosis types, different approaches are practiced to obtain ideal samples, depending on the alleged diagnosis.
Treatment
The main objective of treatment is to destroy the body demonstrated by microscopy and culture. Clinical - secondary improvement and based on a rigorous system to evaluate nail abnormalities.
It is important to admit that the successful destruction of the fungus does not always lead to the correct form of the nails, as they can be deformed to the infection.
The main treatment methods are relevant or oral antifungal drugs:
- VarnishThey consist of a fungicically effective amount of an antifungal agent in a transparent, stable and film -forming medium. When applying to nails, the composition provides a solid, transparent and impermeable movie.
- OralPreparations that fall directly into the bloodstream and, moving through the liver, increase the likelihood of solving the problem. However, they have side effects, can cause negative reactions in combination with other medications.
The main task is how to determine ringworm and provide relevant treatment. At this stage, some relevant drugs are only under development and testing. Those available on the pharmaceutical market cannot provide a complete guarantee in healing.
To overcome the restrictions of traditional compositions, an effective system that can provide antifungal agents deeply in the nail.
For example, chemical (keratolytic) processing of the affected area, which apparently improves results. Keratolytic agents, such as papain, urea and salicylic acid, are used to improve the penetration of antifungal drugs.
Prevention
Everyone is closer to seeing their nails and can quickly recognize any changes. Even with a fungal infection, compliance with preventive measures is strongly recommended. After daily wash, the legs are completely cleaned, especially drying between the fingers.
It is preferable to wear cotton socks, use good dust or leg spray. Nails should be kept carefully trimmed. Both manicure and pedicure can be useful and sometimes allow you to really get rid of organisms (early infection).
In the last decade, significant successes have occurred in the development of effective and safe medicines, but nail fungus will probably remain a disease of modern civilization, which is difficult to get rid of. The environmental conditions that contribute to this are associated with life expectancy and a growing number of people with weakened immunity.
Perhaps the most important task today is the exact diagnosis of a causal agent, which allows the choice of an ideal antifungal medicine, whose spectrum of activity encompasses the infected microorganism.
Question-response
What is the most effective remedy for nail fungus?
The active substance of naftinfine hydrochloride quickly penetrates the lesion, destroys pathogenic microorganisms at the cellular level. The solution and enamel contains amorolphin hydrochloride.
How to remove the fungus on nails at home?
Once a week, it is recommended to take her legs in hot water (37-38 degrees Celsius) with the addition of sea salt (100 g) or a pinch of citrus acid (50 g per 5 liters of water). As the fungus is afraid of the acid environment, this therapy helps reduce the amount of fungal cells on the skin of the legs and nails.
What is the fungus in the nails with fear?
What is the fungus in the nails with fear? Onychomycosis does not like salt exposure, hydrochloric solutions, hydrogen peroxide, exposure to temperature above 60 degrees.
Is it possible to heal fungal and soda vinegar?
Frequently, with nail fungus, vinegar, soda, iodine, celandine or herbal infusions are used. However, these funds can solve only a superficial problem. If the fungus has already entered the nail bed and the matrix, the folkloric methods will be useless. On the contrary, they usually cause inflammation, annoying soft tissues.
Advie
Council No. 1
Spend the condition of nails regularly. Pay attention to changes in the color, texture and shape of nails. Early detection of the fungus will help prevent its spread and facilitate treatment.
Council No. 2
Mront your legs in dryness. The fungus prefers a humid environment; Therefore, try to wear breathing shoes and change socks as soon as possible, especially after physical or hot climate.
Council No. 3
Avoid public places with high humidity, such as saunas, swimming pools and changing rooms. If you still need to go there, use special shoes or slippers to minimize the risk of infection.
Council No. 4
Contact the doctor at the first signs of the fungus. Do not self -admit, as inappropriate treatment can aggravate the problem. An expert may prescribe effective medications and give nail care recommendations.